Lens models and magnification maps of the six Hubble Frontier Fields clusters

摘要

We present strong-lensing models, as well as mass and magnification maps, forthe cores of the six HST Frontier Fields galaxy clusters. Our parametric lensmodels are constrained by the locations and redshifts of multiple image systemsof lensed background galaxies. We use a combination of photometric redshiftsand spectroscopic redshifts of the lensed background sources obtained by us(for Abell 2744 and Abell S1063), collected from the literature, or kindlyprovided by the lensing community. Using our results, we (1) compare thederived mass distribution of each cluster to its light distribution, (2)quantify the cumulative magnification power of the HFF clusters, (3) describehow our models can be used to estimate the magnification and image multiplicityof lensed background sources at all redshifts and at any position within thecluster cores, and (4) discuss systematic effects and caveats resulting fromour modeling methods. We specifically investigate the effect of the use ofspectroscopic and photometric redshift constraints on the uncertainties of theresulting models. We find that the photometric redshift estimates of lensedgalaxies are generally in excellent agreement with spectroscopic redshifts,where available. However, the flexibility associated with relaxed redshiftpriors may cause the complexity of large-scale structure that is needed toaccount for the lensing signal to be underestimated. Our findings thusunderline the importance of spectroscopic arc redshifts, or tight photometricredshift constraints, for high precision lens models. All products from our best-fit lens models (magnification, convergence,shear, deflection field) and model simulations for estimating errors are madeavailable via the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.